ENVIRONMENT CAUSING DISASTER TO MAN

ENVIRONMENT CAUSING DISASTER TO MAN 

Man controls the environment. The relationship between humans and environment has varied from the early periods of human settlement on earth to the present day. Environment provides us place to live, food to eat and gives us air we breathe (oxygen) in any geographical location. The environment always creates problems to man, as natural disaster always come up to destroy man and what man has created on the environment. Also man-made disaster created by man on the environment destroys the environment of man too. So man always tries his best to save himself and the environment.

Our environment is full of different forms of disasters, whether natural or man-made disasters. No year in the world that disaster is not recorded, whether natural or man-made. Environmental disasters (Natural disaster), such as hurricanes, earthquakes, monsoons, floods, tsunami and typhoons are disastrous to the environment. Also, man-made disaster, such as wars, explosions and chemical spills.

One third of the world disasters is caused by “Man”, man produce some dangerous explosive which are used for destruction. Example bombs, nuclear weapons, chemicals, which make our environment uncomfortable for us.           

Disaster is an automatic destruction that comes up with/without advance warning that causes great damage, losses, devastation of life and property, deaths and injuries of living things on our environment.

When disaster happens, both governments and humanitarian agencies reach victims and gives immediate needs. Globally, Asia recorded the highest disaster in the world. Environment is a vital thing in man life. Man always tries his best to reduce risk and gives help when disaster strikes on any geographical location.

KINDS OF DISASTER
There are two kinds of disaster: Natural disaster and Man-made disaster.
Natural Disaster is a disaster not made or caused by human beings, but existing in nature, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, monsoons, flood, tsunami and typhoons.
Man-made disaster is a disaster caused directly or indirectly by man actions, such as wars, explosions and chemical spills.

• Why environment causing disaster to man 

DISASTER PLACES IN THE WORLD

What make the disaster places or cities in the world recorded as a prone to disaster, is due to their natural disasters that occurs since the time man identify natural disasters on his environment.

The great cities or places we think of as excellent places are in danger of natural catastrophe.

This article reviewed ten(10) natural disaster places or cities in the world and others.

1. Japan- Tokyo(Capital) and Yokohama
2. Philippines- Manila
3. China- The River Delta
4. Japan- Osaka and Kobe
5. Indonesia- Jakarta
6. Japan- Nagoya
7. India- Kolkata
8. China- Shanghai River
9. United States- Los Angeles
10. Iran-Tehran    

Others disaster places or cities in the world includes:

Beijing ,Kuala Lumpur, Mumbai, New Delhi, Seoul, Singapore and Wuhan.

THE CAUSED OF MAN- MADE DISASTER
Man- Made disaster is caused as a result of Wars, Explosions and Chemical spills.

REFERENCE

REFERENCE

Environmentengineering.blogspot.com (2008): Water pollution and its prevention.

Municipal: waster water treatment

Omagbemi N.T (2010): Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme at Warri Refining and                   Petrochemical Company. Enugu State University of Science and technology. Faculty of                          Environmental Sciences Library. Enugu State.



   

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION
Since pollution as create a great impact on our Environment. The people and Government need to  minimize it cause, by working hard to protect the Environment from any source of pollution.
As pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the Environment. So people need to be educated and be warned of its harm to human health. Control majors need to be put in place.
Domestic sewage and waste water need to be treated well before it release into surface water. Pollutants must be adequately treated well to remove harmful substance before discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies.
Materials whose production creates pollution to the Environment need to be recycle.

THE METHOD OF TREATING WASTE WATER

THE METHOD OF TREATING WASTE WATER

Waste water can be treated using three methods:

Physical method
Waste can be treated by sedimentation, gravity etc.

Chemical method
Waste can be treated by Coagulation.

Biological method
Waste are treated by oxidation, activated sludge process, Aerated lagoons in which matters get settled down.

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PHYSIO- CHEMICAL

PHYSIO- CHEMICAL

The physio- chemical parameters of liquid waste and their effects as follows:

ODOUR: Water is always pure without colour, smell or taste. The odour in water is caused by volatile substances associated with decomposed organic matter and gases. They have great values.

COLOUR: The dissolved or colloidal substance of vegetable origin like iron and other substances are responsible for the colour present in water.

OIL: The oil that is spilled on water tends to spread on water surface, which affects the growth of planktons, coats vegetation, aquatic animals.

FLOATABLES: Greases, tars are floating materials, they seal off atmospheric air and sunlight. The suspended solids from oxides, hydroxides, pigments also choke the gills of the aquatics.

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD): This is the amount of oxygen(mg/1) required by bacteria to convert organic waste matters( in waste water) to useful water by decomposing the impurities at 20⁰c for period of five days.

CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(COD): Chemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen(mg/1) required to chemically oxidise waste water using an oxidizing agent like potassium dichromate. Chemical oxygen demand affects the level of oxygen in water and also aquatic life. Wasted can weaken, destroy both metallic and concrete structures, because there are corrosive substance in waste such as acid.
It is harmful to human, aquatic and micro-organisms.

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POLLUTION APPLICABLE TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

POLLUTION APPLICABLE TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

In the petroleum industry there are three stages of pollution, which are during:

1. Crude oil production/drilling
2. The transportation of crude products from oil wells/Refineries to different geographical locations.
3. Refining processes.

Environmental pollution by the petroleum industry can be due to waste, solid, waste water and air pollutants.

Waste from petroleum industry originates from the following processes

S/N	REFINING PROCESS	ASSOCIATED LIQUID WASTE
1.	Distillation	Effluent with ammonia, H2S and Phenols.
2.	Desalting	Sulphides, Nacl, Phenols etc
3.	Vacuum Distillation	Phenols and oils
4.	Naphta Hydrotreating	Sour condensate
5.	Catalytic Hydrotreating	Ammonia Cyanides, Hydrogen, Sulphide.
6.	Catalytic Thermal Cracking	Ammonia, sulphide, Phenols, Hydrogen.
7.	Hydrocracking	Ammonia
8.	Catalytic  Alkylation	Alkalis from washings and acids from drains.
9.	Solvent Processes	Solvent like Copper, Sulphides, Phenols etc.
10.	Treating Processes	Organic and inorganic pollutants emulsified oil.

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EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

• Environmental pollution have cause so much pains to human, it may cause damage to agricultural land, aquatic ecology, industrial property, human health.
• Environmental pollution causes global warming, climatic change, loss biodiversity, ozone layer depletion etc.
• Human health is affected in numerous ways. However heavy metals (Hg, Pb) cause metabolic malfunction in human. For example bioaccumulation is the ability of fish to store up mercury in its brain without metabolizing the metal. If such fish is eaten by human, there could be serious consequences as mercury is poisonous causing stomatitis, digestive upset, renal complications, gastric disorders etc.
• The effects of pollutants are dangerous on our water. Water pollution destroys aquatic life. When pollutants reach our water, dissolved oxygen in water is reduced due to rapid increase in bacterial population. Pollutants such as Gammalin 20, Lead(Pb), Cyanide suffocate and kills fish and other aquatic animals including aquatic plants. Polluted water harbours viruses and bacteria which could cause diseases like cholera, dysentery and typhoid fever. Water pollution also prevents floral growth and soil fauna. Example the oil disposal from mechanic workshop may have effect on the growth of floral and soil fauna. Also contaminate surface and underground water.
• The effect of noise pollution can lead to physical disorders which may cause hearing impediments.
• Land pollution may cause the modification of terrestrial habitat through the delay of recolonisation and succession.
• The pollution of the atmosphere by man (air pollution) can cause chronic disease such as bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, nervous disturbances, sneezing and coughing. Also the atmospheric pollutant can cause acid rains which causes a lot of damage to trees and vegetation, acidification of lakes causes extinction to lakes fauna including fish populations.

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NOISE POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution is one of the challenges man is facing, since the time of Industrial Revolution. Every day in our environment noise continue to increased due to industries and mining processes in our environment.

Man have try their best to put the level of noise in decibels produced, to at least 65 decibels in the environment of industrial locations. while in the process plant or areas it should be at least 85 decibels.
All workers, working in the process plants or areas should be sensitise on the proper need to put on their Ear plugs when working in the process areas to safeguard their hearing.
The sources of noise pollution are blasting, heavy trucks movement, sound of plants, drilling, crusher, the sound working machines generate when working, Electronic player sound etc.
The instrument used to detect the noise level is known as Data Logging Sound Meter.

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