SECTION TWO: VEHICLE OPERATORS

SECTION TWO: VEHICLE OPERATORS

Please tick good (v) in the appropriate boxes and fill where necessary.

1.         Name of your area or zone in Enugu…………………………………………………....................

2.         Sex of the respondent male (   ) female (    )

3.         Is road transportation important in the development of your area? Yes (    )  No (    )

4.         Is the state of the road network affecting activities in your zone Yes (    ) No (    )

5.         Are there good roads in your area? Yes (    ) No (    )

6.         Which among the following are available means of transport in Enugu. A. Vehicle (   ) 

            B. Motorcycle (    ) C. Bicycle (    ) D. Bus (    )

7.         Which of these means of transport make movement fast in your zone A. Vehicle (   ) B.              

            Motorcycle (    ) C. Bus (    ) D. Bicycle (    )

8.         Is vehicle transport increase in your area? Yes (   ) No (   )

9.         Are there problem facing the vehicle operators? Yes (    ) No (    )

10.       Is vehicle accident increase in your area? Yes (    ) No (    )

11.       Are there good experienced mechanics in your area? Yes (    ) No (    )

12.       Is the daily payment to local government affecting your daily income? Yes (    ) No (    )

13.       Do vehicle operators obey road traffic laws and regulation Yes (    ) No (    )

14.       Do harassment by force men and Agberos affect vehicle transport? Yes (    ) No (    )

15.       What problem does vehicle transport face in area? ……………………………………………......

16.       What possible solution you think should be administer to these problem …………………...............

SECTION ONE: VEHICLE USERS

SECTION ONE: VEHICLE USERS

Please tick good (v) in the appropriate boxes and fill where necessary.

1.         Name of your zone or area in Enugu…………………………………...........…………………….

2.         Sex of the respondent male (              ) female (   )

3.         Is road transportation important in the development of your area? Yes (   ) No (   )

4.         Is the state of the road network affecting activities in your zone? Yes (   )   No (   )

5.         Are there good roads in your area? Yes (   ) No (   )

6.         Which among the following are available means of transport in Enugu. A. Vehicle (   ) B.

            Motorcycle (   ) C. Bus (   ) D. Bicycle (   )                            

7.         Which of these means of transport make movement fast in your zone? A. Vehicle (   ) B.      

            Motorcycle (   ) C. Bus (   ) D. Bicycle (   ) 

8.         Is vehicle transportation increase in your area? Yes (   ) No (   )

9.         Has vehicle transport reduced the rate of joblessness in your area? Yes (   ) No (   )

10.       Is vehicle transport in your area accident free?  Yes (   )  No (   )

11.       Are there problem facing vehicle transport in your area Yes (   ) No (   )

12.       Has this transport means increased the rate of air pollution in your area? Yes (   )   No (   )

13.       Has this transport means increased the rate of nose pollution in your area Yes (   ) No (   )

14.       What problem does vehicle transport face in your zone..………………………………………..

15.       Hierarchically state the characteristics of inter- urban road transportation in Enugu state.         ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

16.       Please suggest possible solution to the problems of inter-urban road transportation in your area ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR VEHICLE USERS

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR VEHICLE USERS

                                                                           Department of Geography and Meteorology, 

                                                                           Enugu State University of Science and Technology
                                                                           Enugu.

                                                                           4^th April, 2011.  

Dear Respondent,

                                                                QUESTIONNAIRE

               I Omagbemi Nelson Tosan a final year student of the above mentioned department and university. I carry out a research project on “Characteristics of Inter-Urban Road Transportation in Enugu State (Enugu Urban as a Nodal Centre)”.

                Please answer the attached questions. This is purely for academic purpose and any information supplied would be handled with absolute confidence.

              
                To learn more about the questionnaire click on the following:

• Section One Vehicle Users.
• Section two vehicle operators.

               Your co-operation is highly appreciated.

               Omagbemi Nelson Tosan.

           

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ADENIYI  (1983): Urban land - use Mapping in Nigeria. Nigeria Cartographic Association (NCA)                                                                                                                  

           3^rd Annual Publishing, Enugu.

BOLADE, T. (1981): “An Introduction to the Spatial Analysis of Intercity Freight Flows in             

           Nigerian Economy” Seminar Paper, Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Lagos.

FREEDMAN (1989): “Environment Ecology’’ The Impact of Pollution and other Stresses on       

           Ecosystem Structure and Function. London: Academic Press. 

GRAVA S. (1977): The Lagos metropolitan Master Planning, Lagos: UNDP Assisted  Report.  
  

HOYLE, B.S. (1973): Transport and Development. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.  

ILOEJE, N.P. (1981): A New Geography of West Africa. England: Longman Group. 

LESLIE, R. (1971): Road Transport Management Systems and Records. London: Gower Press   

           Ltd.

LUGGARD. (1922): Development of Africa. U.S.A: Pengium Books.

MONANU P.C (1971): Journey to work pattern in Edmonton. M.SC Thesis Department of           

          Geography Canada: University of Alberta Edmonton.

NATIONAL TRANSPORT CO-ORDINATING COMMISSION (1979): Survey of Major Road

          Transporters. Nigeria: South East Zone. 

OBOLI, H.O.N. (1981): A New Outline Geography of West Africa. Lagos: Africa University Press

           Ikeja.  

O’ CONNOR (1965): The Geography of Tropical African Development. London: Pergammon 

OFOMATA, G.E.K. (1975): Nigeria in Maps: Eastern States. Benin City: Ethiopia Publishing

           House.

OGBU S.O., AND ENETE, C.I. (2006): Fundamentals of Research Methods and Reports in        

           Environmental Studies. Enugu: Glanic Venture.      
  

OKOKO (1998): Introduction to Research Methodology. Africana: Fep Publishers Ltd. 

OLAKUNORI, K.O. (2000): Transportation Management. Enugu: Computer Edge Publishers. 

OLUDURO (1985): Observed the Enormous Capital and Human Resources Nigerians had          

           Invested in Transportation. A Study Conducted in Lagos. Daily Times, May 5, Vol. 2, No.    

           1Pp. 5.

OMOTUNDE, D. (1988): Transit-such a grand idea will take some doing to become a reality, in  

          Newswatch, 11^th April, Vol. 7, No. 15, Pg 14-20. 

ONAKOMAIYA, S.O. (1978): “Over Land Transport”. In Oguntoyinbo (Ed), Geography of Nigerian

           Development. Ibadan: Cartan Press West Africa Ltd.

REHEEM (1989): “Observed a Drastic Increase in the Public Transport Demand, but   

           Accelerated Decrease in Transport Supply”. A Study Conducted in Lagos, Daily Times,    

           July, 8, Vol. 1 P.8.    
                       

RILEY, D. AND SPOLTON, L.M. (1987): World Weather and Climate. Cambridge: Press Syndicate

           of the University of Cambridge. 

ROBERT (1978): An Introduction to Town Planning Techniques. Great Britain: Anchor Press

           Ltd.

ROBINSON, H. (1961): Economic Geography. London: Macdonaid and Evans Ltd. 

ROBINSON, J. (1971): Highway and our Environment. New York: Mc Graw- Hill book Company.  
  

STUCKGY, B. (1973): Transportation and African Development, the Land Locked Countries, IDEP     

           Seminar on Rationalization of Development Planning in African, Ibadan, Nigeria.

TUNJI (1989): The Quality of Infrastructural Facilities; Services in Nigeria Urban Centre are  

          Facilities; Services in Nigeria Urban Centre are generally Poor and Inadequate. Seminar 

           Paper Presented in Kaduna, Nigeria.

UMOH, B.D (2001): Population Studies for Nigeria. A New Perspective Institute for  

           Development Studies. Enugu: University of Nigeria.

USENI (1986): “the Pivot which brings Transport is any Effort aimed at Initiating and         

            Sustaining Economic Growth”. Conference of Commissioners Conducted at Lagos,

           Nigeria.

VOLGT, F. (1967): The Importance of the Transport System for Economic Development  

            Process. United Nation Economic Commission for Africa: Addis Ababa.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The objective of this chapter is to summarize, recommend and conclude all the information gathered in the course of the research. Also areas for further study were suggested. 

5.1          SUMMARY

The main aim of embarking on this research study was to look at the inter-urban road transportation in Enugu state especially with reference to the three studied areas, are characterized with many problems. The review of related literatures on transportation in general, road transport, and inter-urban road transportation in particular are in agreement with the research finding of this study. The research finding of this study proved that there is a significant variation in the mean volume of traffic flow in Enugu state especially in the three studied areas. It is also noted that traffic flow in these areas varies. The research finding also showed that the transport fare is directly proportional to the distance covered and also the number of commuters available. It was also indicated by the research finding that the cost of transportation varies from one type of vehicle to another. And it is higher with vehicles that provide faster and more comfortable services while lower with vehicles that provide service of lower quality. The research finding also showed that the turn-round time for the different types of vehicle also varies it is a dependent of many factors such as the quality of the road, the nature and quality of the vehicle and the attitude (frequent stopping) of the transport operators. 

The research carryout for the inter-urban road transportation in Enugu state (Enugu as a nodal centre), which bridges the gap between theory and actual practical. 

5.2          RECOMMENDATION

The state government should try as much as it can to make funds available for the rehabilitation of our major roads and construction of new link roads. There is a need to establish a directorate of inter-urban mass transportation to implement the state government’s mass transit program. And the local government should organized programs, road safety department and other body can help in bringing to the knowledge of motor vehicle operators on the rules guiding traffic movement and the dangers of not maintaining their vehicles. s

          

Pedestrian way should be constructed along road sides for people to work on. Also there should be dualization of roads especially in the busy areas of these zones. This will go a long way to reduce the problem of congestion as every motor vehicle and other means of road transport will be made to travel along a particular lane, rather than rushing or dragging one lane in other to go faster than others.

           

The federal government should remove the ban placed on importation of vehicles (especially the fairly used ones). And also ensure that the imported vehicles are of good quality so as to prevent the country from being a dumping ground for damaged and rejected vehicles overseas. The importation of spare-parts and establishment of home industries for the manufacturing of vehicle spare parts should be encouraged.

          

Rescue team should be formed among safety workers, so as to help when accident occurs. Well built roads and education of motor vehicle operators will reduce the rate of accident occurrence.

         

Finally, if possible, government should formulate a decree empowering research students to have access to any office or sector whether private or government establishment for the process of data collection. 

5.3          CONCLUSION

This research study has established from available data that poor quality of roads, poor quality of vehicles and high cost of transportation were factors responsible for the inefficient inter-urban road transportation in Enugu state. It was also discovered that the functional relationship of the various towns, in Enugu state with other towns (either in the Enugu state or in other regions) is the factor that induced variation in the volume of traffic flow in Enugu state. 

5.4          AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

This research work has been able to treat reasonably the volume of traffic flow in Enugu state with Enugu urban serving as a nodal centre base on different types of vehicles and for the three zones only. Therefore, the following areas of further research, emanated from this study. 

1.         Examine traffic flow in the study areas/zones base on one type of vehicle.

2.         Environmental effects of motor vehicle transport in Enugu state.

3.         The role of motor vehicle transport in Enugu urban area.    


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CHAPTER FOUR PART 4

Using the F – table, under 2 and 18 degrees of freedom, tabulated values of F- ratio are 3.55 (at the 0.05 level) and 6.01 (at the 0.01 level). The two values are each less than the calculated F – ratio.

Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected at both levels hence we conclude that the F – ratio is significant at both levels. 

4.4          DATA ANALYSIS

The tables (1 -12) show the result of the traffic flow in and out of Enugu for the three studies zones. The data was collected for four (4) weeks and the average for each day (that is Monday, Tuesday- Sunday) are presented. 

Table thirteen (13) shows the number of passengers each types of vehicles can carry and the transport fare (N) charged by these vehicles for the three (3) studies zones. 

Table fourteen (14) and fifteen (15) shows the ANOVA calculation for the total average number of traffic flow from each zone.

4.5          RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 

 In this research study, two assumptions are proposed. 

1.         There is no significant variation in the means volume of traffic flow in and out of Enugu among                      the three (3) studied zones. And it is mathematically thus;  H₀ : P – O. 

2.         There is a significant variation in the means volume of traffic flow in and out of Enugu among the three (3) studied zones. It is mathematically thus;  H₁ : p¹ O.

Where H_o = Null hypothesis  

H₁ = Alternative hypothesis,

 P¹ = volume of traffic flow.

4.6          RESULT ANALYSIS 

The results of the finding using percentage are as below:  

FROM ENUGU URBAN TO TOWNS

To calculate for the percentage volume of traffic flow from the three (3) studied zones in Enugu urban to the towns in Enugu state. The total average numbers of traffic flow in week 1-week 4 in each zone will be added together to get each zone (the total average number of each town will be added together, to get the total amount of each town in the zones). 

PERCENTAGE OF VEHICLES

For old park zone = 49.99%

For new market zone = 28.50%

For Gariki – awkunanaw zone = 21.50%

see appendix  I

FROM TOWNS IN ENUGU STATE INTO THE THREE (3) STUDIED ZONES (ENUGU URBAN).

To calculate for the percentage volume of traffic flow from towns in Enugu state into Enugu urban (the three (3) studied zone) the total average numbers of traffic flow in week 1- week 4 in each zone will be added together (the total average number of each town will be added together, to get the total amount of each town in the zones). 

PERCENTAGE OF VEHICLES

For old park zone = 57.98%

For new market zone = 31.10%

For Gariki- awkunanaw zone = 10.90%

see appendix II

4.7          DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

This research work showed that the volume of traffic flow in Enugu state with reference to the three (3) studied zones varies. This is to say that there is no day in the week that is attributed to low or high traffic flow. The volume of traffic flow depends on many factors  such as the number of commuters available, the volume of traffic flow, is densities in Old Park Zone (57.98%) followed by New Market Zone (31.10%) and Gariki Awkunanaw Zone (10.90%).  

 Furthermore, the cost of transport varies from one type of vehicle to another and also from town to town. And also the passengers capacity of the different type of vehicles varied. For instance 504 station wagon carry lesser number of commuters, followed by mini-buses (Mitsubishi, Nissan and Hiace etc), J-5 carry larger number of commuters. These vehicles conveniently produce different services (speed, reliability, comfort ability, flexibility) at different proportions which varied only within certain limits and at certain cost. Faster and more comfortable services are usually more expensive to produce than services of lower quality. The degree of performing these services is highest with car (504 station wagon etc) lowest with mini-buses (Nissan, Hiace, Mitsubishi and J-5 occupy intermediate position. It was also observed that some customers value speed or reliability very highly and as consequently willing to pay a high price for a transport product satisfying these requirements as noted earlier by Tom (1977). Others are more interested in freedom from pilferage, or safety, and attach little importance to speed. Consequently, people rank available transport service quite differently.    

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CHAPTER FOUR PART 2

4.3          STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

           

The statistical test applies in this research work is known as the analysis of variance, to calculate where the differences between zones lie. This ratio called F- ratio employs the variance (α2) of group means as a measure of observed differences among groups/zones. 

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is, therefore, a more versatile technique than the t-test. T-test is used only to test differences between two means. ANOVA can test the difference between two or more means.Consider the average traffic flow from the three (3) studied zones. The data below represent the total average number of traffic flow from the zones. (From Week 1- Week 4, the total average number of traffic flow in the towns are Added together, per daily; Mon-Sun, in one Month in each Zone). 

 

 

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CHARACTERISTICS OF INTER-URBAN ROAD TRANSPORTATION IN ENUGU STATE: CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDING

4.1          INTRODUCTION 

This chapter presents the raw data collected from the field, coupled with the analysis of the data collected. It also examines whether there is any significant variation or not in the mean volume of traffic flow in and out of Enugu Urban among the three studied zones in Enugu state. And finally, discussion of the research finding will be done. 

4.2          DATA PRESENTATION

The Average Traffic Flow from the Three (3) Studied Zones in Enugu Urban to the Various Towns in Enugu State, in the period of one Month. 

 

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDING

4.1          INTRODUCTION 

This chapter presents the raw data collected from the field, coupled with the analysis of the data collected. It also examines whether there is any significant variation or not in the mean volume of traffic flow in and out of Enugu Urban among the three studied zones in Enugu state. And finally, discussion of the research finding will be done. 

4.2          DATA PRESENTATION

The Average Traffic Flow from the Three (3) Studied Zones in Enugu Urban to the Various Towns in Enugu State, in the period of one Month. 

Chapter three part 2

3.4          SOURCES OF DATA

The source of data for this research is mainly the field source of collection. This involves the collection of data from the sampled motor parks and stations. It is also coupled with oral interview of the commuters, drivers and Managers in those motor parks and stations. 

3.5          TYPES OF DATA

Primary data and secondary data 

3.5.1.     PRIMARY DATA 

Primary Source of Data, are data collected from questionnaire, interview, field observation and field measurement (Ogbu et al, 2006). The primary data were collected through the methods of administration of questionnaire, personal interview and field observation. 

3.5.2      SECONDARY DATA

This source of Data collection for this research study includes both data published and unpublished materials such as data from books, journals periodical, magazines and papers delivered at seminars, conferences, encyclopedias, newspapers and other documented materials relating to the study. They were mainly on the review of related literature and methodologies used in this research work.

3.6          METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The data for this study were collected between the third week of March and the second week of April as follows: 

Third week, March     -           21th to 27th 

Fourth week, March   -           28th   to 3rd April

First week, April          -           4th   to 10th

Second week, April     -           11th to 17th 

In each week data were collected on daily basis (that is from Monday to Sunday).

 3.7         METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

In analyzing the data collected from the completed questionnaire, interviews and field observation, so as to achieve the aims and objectives of this study, the researcher used percentage techniques. 

Percentage technique was used in calculating the percentage of the responses for the various data. The calculations were done using the formula 

P = A/N x 100/1

Where P = percentage (%) of responses

A = Number of respondents

N= Total number of sampled population (Udeh, 1990). 

The tabulation methods also used are the process of using table and inserting some information into it. The tables are divided into several columns and rows according to the number of information conveyed by such tables (Ogbu et al, 2004).

Histogram is used for showing the fare transport                                                                                   

CAREERS

            

            Welcome to

                Geography-Information

                          Your One Stop geography Resource Center

The geography career section of this site contains information on the various geography careers available, and the career counseling you need to make the most of your geography education.It also enable you to know what you can do with geography.

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3.4 SOURCES OF DATA

The source of data for this research is mainly the field source of collection. This involves the collection of data from the sampled motor parks and stations. It is also coupled with oral interview of the commuters, drivers and Managers in those motor parks and stations.

3.5 TYPES OF DATA

Primary data and secondary data

3.5.1. PRIMARY DATA

Primary Source of Data, are data collected from questionnaire, interview, field observation and field measurement (Ogbu et al, 2006). The primary data were collected through the methods of administration of questionnaire, personal interview and field observation.

3.5.2 SECONDARY DATA

This source of Data collection for this research study includes both data published and unpublished materials such as data from books, journals periodical, magazines and papers delivered at seminars, conferences, encyclopedias, newspapers and other documented materials relating to the study. They were mainly on the review of related literature and methodologies used in this research work.

3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The data for this study were collected between the third week of March and the second week of April as follows:

Third week, March - 21th to 27th

Fourth week, March - 28th to 3rd April

First week, April - 4th to 10th

Second week, April - 11th to 17th

In each week data were collected on daily basis (that is from Monday to Sunday).

3.7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

In analyzing the data collected from the completed questionnaire, interviews and field observation, so as to achieve the aims and objectives of this study, the researcher used percentage techniques.

Percentage technique was used in calculating the percentage of the responses for the various data. The calculations were done using the formula

P = A/N x 100/1

Where P = percentage (%) of responses

A = Number of respondents

N= Total number of sampled population (Udeh, 1990).

The tabulation methods also used are the process of using table and inserting some information into it. The tables are divided into several columns and rows according to the number of information conveyed by such tables (Ogbu et al, 2004). Histogram is used for showing the transport fare.

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