Introduction
Flood is a “Natural disaster” which is
an over flow of an expanse of water that submerges land. Our environment has
suffered extensive damage arising from human and natural causes, since ancient
time.
Flood is a form of water that come-up in
large form in any Geographical area.
It can happen during intense rain, floods also happen when dry soil and
vegetation cannot absorb precipitation, the water then run-off the land. If
there is gradual recession of the water to go, with the help of the sun the
water can be evaporated gradually, when the rain stop. The recession of precipitation
takes days and weeks to dry up, even months (Because there is 100 years flood).
Due to the failure of built dams which cannot hold water in, flood occur.
In Rivers, when flow exceeds the
capacity of its channel, particularly at its meanders floods is said to occur.
Flood can claim life by drowning or disease, flood can cause extensive damage
to homes, businesses, destruction of crops and fields, electricity and
communication system, contamination of drinking water.
In the mid latitude regions floods
occur, when winter snow melts and thunder storms, typhoons, monsoons and
hurricanes brings intense rain. While in summer ample surface heating generates
thunderstorms.
In the wet and dry climates, highlands
and lowlands flood occur, in the dry climates and highland there are less
common flood. Flash flooding can occur in dry climates, especially those in the base
of mountain range.
During flooding location of river
channel can change and new channel can develop and the old channel will dry up.
Floods from sea may occur as a result of undersea earthquakes which push the
water to the coast, especially in combination with high tide.
The Pictures above are examples of Flood in Nigeria (Benue State).
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