REFERENCE

REFERENCE

Environmentengineering.blogspot.com (2008): Water pollution and its prevention.

Municipal: waster water treatment

Omagbemi N.T (2010): Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme at Warri Refining and                   Petrochemical Company. Enugu State University of Science and technology. Faculty of                          Environmental Sciences Library. Enugu State.



   

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION
Since pollution as create a great impact on our Environment. The people and Government need to  minimize it cause, by working hard to protect the Environment from any source of pollution.
As pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the Environment. So people need to be educated and be warned of its harm to human health. Control majors need to be put in place.
Domestic sewage and waste water need to be treated well before it release into surface water. Pollutants must be adequately treated well to remove harmful substance before discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies.
Materials whose production creates pollution to the Environment need to be recycle.

THE METHOD OF TREATING WASTE WATER

THE METHOD OF TREATING WASTE WATER

Waste water can be treated using three methods:

Physical method
Waste can be treated by sedimentation, gravity etc.

Chemical method
Waste can be treated by Coagulation.

Biological method
Waste are treated by oxidation, activated sludge process, Aerated lagoons in which matters get settled down.

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PHYSIO- CHEMICAL

PHYSIO- CHEMICAL

The physio- chemical parameters of liquid waste and their effects as follows:

ODOUR: Water is always pure without colour, smell or taste. The odour in water is caused by volatile substances associated with decomposed organic matter and gases. They have great values.

COLOUR: The dissolved or colloidal substance of vegetable origin like iron and other substances are responsible for the colour present in water.

OIL: The oil that is spilled on water tends to spread on water surface, which affects the growth of planktons, coats vegetation, aquatic animals.

FLOATABLES: Greases, tars are floating materials, they seal off atmospheric air and sunlight. The suspended solids from oxides, hydroxides, pigments also choke the gills of the aquatics.

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD): This is the amount of oxygen(mg/1) required by bacteria to convert organic waste matters( in waste water) to useful water by decomposing the impurities at 20⁰c for period of five days.

CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(COD): Chemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen(mg/1) required to chemically oxidise waste water using an oxidizing agent like potassium dichromate. Chemical oxygen demand affects the level of oxygen in water and also aquatic life. Wasted can weaken, destroy both metallic and concrete structures, because there are corrosive substance in waste such as acid.
It is harmful to human, aquatic and micro-organisms.

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POLLUTION APPLICABLE TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

POLLUTION APPLICABLE TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

In the petroleum industry there are three stages of pollution, which are during:

1. Crude oil production/drilling
2. The transportation of crude products from oil wells/Refineries to different geographical locations.
3. Refining processes.

Environmental pollution by the petroleum industry can be due to waste, solid, waste water and air pollutants.

Waste from petroleum industry originates from the following processes

S/N	REFINING PROCESS	ASSOCIATED LIQUID WASTE
1.	Distillation	Effluent with ammonia, H2S and Phenols.
2.	Desalting	Sulphides, Nacl, Phenols etc
3.	Vacuum Distillation	Phenols and oils
4.	Naphta Hydrotreating	Sour condensate
5.	Catalytic Hydrotreating	Ammonia Cyanides, Hydrogen, Sulphide.
6.	Catalytic Thermal Cracking	Ammonia, sulphide, Phenols, Hydrogen.
7.	Hydrocracking	Ammonia
8.	Catalytic  Alkylation	Alkalis from washings and acids from drains.
9.	Solvent Processes	Solvent like Copper, Sulphides, Phenols etc.
10.	Treating Processes	Organic and inorganic pollutants emulsified oil.

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EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

• Environmental pollution have cause so much pains to human, it may cause damage to agricultural land, aquatic ecology, industrial property, human health.
• Environmental pollution causes global warming, climatic change, loss biodiversity, ozone layer depletion etc.
• Human health is affected in numerous ways. However heavy metals (Hg, Pb) cause metabolic malfunction in human. For example bioaccumulation is the ability of fish to store up mercury in its brain without metabolizing the metal. If such fish is eaten by human, there could be serious consequences as mercury is poisonous causing stomatitis, digestive upset, renal complications, gastric disorders etc.
• The effects of pollutants are dangerous on our water. Water pollution destroys aquatic life. When pollutants reach our water, dissolved oxygen in water is reduced due to rapid increase in bacterial population. Pollutants such as Gammalin 20, Lead(Pb), Cyanide suffocate and kills fish and other aquatic animals including aquatic plants. Polluted water harbours viruses and bacteria which could cause diseases like cholera, dysentery and typhoid fever. Water pollution also prevents floral growth and soil fauna. Example the oil disposal from mechanic workshop may have effect on the growth of floral and soil fauna. Also contaminate surface and underground water.
• The effect of noise pollution can lead to physical disorders which may cause hearing impediments.
• Land pollution may cause the modification of terrestrial habitat through the delay of recolonisation and succession.
• The pollution of the atmosphere by man (air pollution) can cause chronic disease such as bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, nervous disturbances, sneezing and coughing. Also the atmospheric pollutant can cause acid rains which causes a lot of damage to trees and vegetation, acidification of lakes causes extinction to lakes fauna including fish populations.

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NOISE POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution is one of the challenges man is facing, since the time of Industrial Revolution. Every day in our environment noise continue to increased due to industries and mining processes in our environment.

Man have try their best to put the level of noise in decibels produced, to at least 65 decibels in the environment of industrial locations. while in the process plant or areas it should be at least 85 decibels.
All workers, working in the process plants or areas should be sensitise on the proper need to put on their Ear plugs when working in the process areas to safeguard their hearing.
The sources of noise pollution are blasting, heavy trucks movement, sound of plants, drilling, crusher, the sound working machines generate when working, Electronic player sound etc.
The instrument used to detect the noise level is known as Data Logging Sound Meter.

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WATER POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

Water serves as food, and as well serves as source of cooking and cleaning agents to human. Water pollutants may be physical, biological or chemical in nature. Water is said to be polluted when there is adversely change in its quality.
However, when oil/chemical is discharged directly or indirectly into a water bodies, that water body is said to be polluted. Looking at this pollution the oil/chemical is the pollutant.

Biological pollutants is the introduction of pollutants which serves as nutrients and producing changes in the relative abundance of aquatic micro- organisms and depletion of dissolved oxygen.

Chemical pollutants is the introduction of chemicals into water body, which may affect its pH, toxicity and its salinity.
Trichloroethylene(TCE) is a common ground water pollutant. Other pollutants like Aerosols, DDT(Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloromethane) pesticides and PCB(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) are infectious agents.

The sources of water pollution are mainly the discharges of sewage from factories, waste water treatment plant, toxic chemicals, fertilizer, pesticides, waste disposal. The gaseous emissions from factories, refineries, auto mobiles contaminate the atmosphere, and later fall down as rain. This rain water can be polluted by the presence of oxide of nitrogen and sulfur in the air. These oxides dissolve in rain water to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

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LAND POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION

Land pollution involved soil degradation and soil contamination by hazardous solids or liquids dumped in the soil.
The natural causes of land pollution or solid degradation emanates from whirlwind, tornadoes, earthquakes and sea or ocean surges.

The used of excess pesticides and fertilizers cause pollution to the environment. There are many sources of land pollution due to deforestation, erosion, oil/chemical spills, human waste, indiscriminate solid waste.

The man-made pollution which man caused on the soil are classified as hazardous on the basis of their reactivity, toxicity, corrosivity, flammability and explosivity etc.
In our environment, solid waste from the industries emanates from disused packaging, process waste, disused equipment, ashes from incinerators, sludge etc.

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AIR POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

The sources of pollution can be natural or man-made.
i. Natural: Such as volcanic eruptions, sandstorms, wind storms, tornadoes and organic matters decay. All these make man uncomfortable in the environment and these pollutions are uncontrollable.
ii. Man-made: Such as stationary combustion, industrial processes, solid waste disposal, "air pollutants" such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, burning of fossil fuels, bush burning, sulphur dioxide, radioactive matter, dust and deforestation.

The activities of man in the aspects of mining adds to air pollution. Also the modern used of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture has been contributing to air pollution, and the used of atomic energy increase radioactivity in the atmosphere.

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TYPES OF POLLUTION

 TYPES OF POLLUTION

Four types of pollution are going to been treated in this article.
The four types of pollution as follows:

Air pollution: The sources of air pollution can be natural or man-made.The activities of man in the aspects of mining adds to air pollution. 

Land pollution: Involved soil degradation and soil contamination by hazardous solids or liquids dumped in the soil. The natural causes of land pollution or solid degradation emanates from whirlwind, tornadoes, earthquakes and sea or ocean surges.

Water pollution: Water is one of the important resources in our environment, and also serves as food. water pollutants may be physical, biological or chemical in nature. water is said  to be polluted when there is adversely change in its quality.
The sources of water pollution are mainly the discharges of sewage from factories, waste water treatment plant, toxic chemicals, fertilizer, pesticides, waste disposal.

Noise pollution: Man face pollution challenges every day in our environment, but the one of noise make man uncomfortable. The good level of decibels in our environment should be 65 decibels, while in the process plant or areas should be 85 decibels.
The sources of noise pollution are blasting, heavy trucks movement, sound of plants, drilling, crusher, electronic player sound etc.

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POLLUTANT

POLLUTANT

Pollutant is a substance which is capable of causing harm to living organisms(floral and fauna).
Pollutants are grouped into two classes.

i. Organic pollutants: Organic pollutants are pollutants which contain carbon and hydrogen compound, and elements of oxygen, phosphorous, sulphur and nitrogen.
ii. Inorganic pollutants: Inorganic pollutants are pollutants, which contain carbon monoxide and carbon iv oxide.

Forms of Pollutants
Pollutants could take the forms of:
i. Gaseous, example of gaseous pollutants are hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide.
ii. Liquid, example of liquid pollutant is Crude oil.
iii. Solid, example of solid pollutant is oily sludge.

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POLLUTION AND MAN

POLLUTION AND  MAN

INTRODUCTION

Man is the richest resource of any environment. Man identify and predict the effect of pollution on the physical, social and economic environment of any Geographical area. 
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that causes change to the air, water body, soil e.t.c.
In the prehistoric times, pollution started when man make the first fires. Man brought in pollution to the environment, since when he started to modified the environment. Man solely depend on natural resources. Man produce, consume, create, renew, invent, developed and change resources.
All these mentions above would caused pollution in the process of production, extraction and developed.

Pollution continue to hit  our environment every day. Many measures has been taken to minimize it, but the gap between it and man is still closed. Also man and pollution disagree. Presently now, man is trying to take total control of pollution, but is wasn't easy for man. Because pollution as create an great impact in the society and man is finding it difficult to control it now.

In most of our society today, due to the level that the government has fail the citizens. Some don't want to listen to government warning or teaching on how they can minimize their waste.

• Pollutant
• Types of Pollution
• Effect of Pollution on the Environment
• Pollution Applicable to Petroleum Industry
• Physio- Chemical
• The Method of Treating Waste Water
• Conclusion
• References

Reviewed by: Omagbemi Nelson Tosan.

If this article made sense to you, kindly post a comment below. I appreciate your kind contribution for making this site of immense assistance to all geographers, environmentalists and others.

OVER 2,500 PEOPLE DISPLACED IN HELMAND AND 80 KILLED IN THE CLASH BETWEEN MILITANTS

OVER 2,500 PEOPLE DISPLACED IN HELMAND AND 80 KILLED IN THE CLASH BETWEEN MILITANTS

Over 2,500 people displaced in Helmand and over 80 killed in four days clash.
Over the past four days now, more than 40 Taliban insurrgents, 35 civilians, 13 policemen  and 9 Afghanistan National Army (ANA) Soldiers were killed in the heavy clash between militants and Afghanistan National Security Forces (ANSF) in Southern Helmand Province.
Many suffered injured like about 40 civilians and 40 ANSF personnel, officials reported. About hundreds of Taliban insurgents stormed police outposts in Sangin district of Helmand province. Said Omar Zwak the governor of Helmand spokesman, on Tuesday. Omar said, security forces have been deployed to the areas to clear insurgents.
Omar zwak added, more than 800 Taliban insurgents including Pakistani and Arab insurgents attacked the district, the warstill continue.

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THE IEC SECRETARIAT BOSS RESIGNS FROM OFFICE

THE IEC SECRETARIAT BOSS RESIGNS FROM OFFICE

Chief Zia-ul-Haq Amarkhail, the Independent Election Commission's (IEC) secretariat boss announced his resignation Live on television this Monday afternoon.
Amarkhail announced his resignation a day after President candidate Abdullah Abdullah released the voice phone recordings of the conversations between Amarkhail and members of the campaign team of Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai.
The recordings support a plan to conduct fraud during the Runoff Election. The voices on the phone recordings of them conversations have yet not be confirmed.
Amarkhail said "i have not resigned under the pressure of anyone". "I have only resigned for the sake of the process and National interests". He was saying all these at a press conference were he announced his resignation. He said it was his decision and not forced and not made in light of the recordings. He said the voice phone recordings was fake and he had never had any conversations with any one.
The IEC Chairman, Nuristani, said the commission regretted his resignation.

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33 LECTURERS FREE BY TALIBAN IN KANDAHAR

33 LECTURERS FREE BY TALIBAN IN KANDAHAR

The 33 Lecturers hold captive over two weeks ago by Taliban were freed on Monday in the nearest Ghazi Province. The lecturers are from Kandahar University. Local officials report.

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FATHER AND TWO SONS WERE KILLED IN ROAD SIDE MINE BLAST

FATHER AND TWO SONS WERE KILLED IN ROAD SIDE MINE BLAST

The incident which took place at 9.am local time in Spain, claimed three lives and injured one in Boldak district .
Local officials, said Aman and his sons were travelling from Marouf district to Boldak- Spain when their vehicle struck a road side mine.
According to a Provincial Government Spokesman, Dawa Khan Menapal, said. "A father and two of his sons between the ages of 11 and 12 were killed in the blast Menapal said. "The other son was injured in the blast, but is strongly injured.
The victims bodies are at the hospital and we are waiting for their family to arrive, Menapal said. The roadside blast was to been suspected to has being place by the Taliban insurgents in the district. But no groups have been hold responsible for the blast.

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THE HEAD OF ECC IN TAKHAR, BARNA SALEHI RESIGNS

 THE HEAD OF ECC IN TAKHAR, BARNA SALEHI RESIGNS

Barna Salehi, the head of ECC in Takhar Province's resigned from his position on Friday morning, because of the interference of government officials  and the Independent Election Commission's (IEC) in his office's affairs.
Barna Salehi, said "IEC is much more biased in the second round of Elections". He added "we did not think that their interference would extend or have impacts on the Elections, but it did.
Barna Salehi allegation were rejected by the IEC and the IEC spokesman, Noor, said "we do not have any interest in interfering in their affairs. According to Abdullah Abdullah, on a press conference on Thursday confirmed his stance, and said that the two Electoral organizations have failed to be impartial in the Election process, he said.
The IEC spokesman. Noor, said the Takhar's ECC is an independent organization.

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AFGHAN- CITIZENS PROTEST AGAINST FRAUD IN RUNOFF ELECTION: KABUL

AFGHAN- CITIZENS PROTEST AGAINST FRAUD IN RUNOFF ELECTION: KABUL

In Kabul, Citizens gathered together on Friday to protest against fraud in the second round Election. Protesters stressed that all Electoral complaints must be address by Electoral bodies.
An Activist, Shazim Sarwari, said "we demand from the Electoral bodies separate fake votes from the genuine one". The protesters announced that they will not leave their tents until the issue is addressed.
The IEC Spokesman Noor Mohammad Noor assured the people that the complaints that were filed will be investigated shortly. In the Runoff Election on Saturday a total of 2,558 complaints were filed with ECC.
According to officials, ECC is responsible for investigating cases of fraud in the Election process.

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U.S CONDEMNS HORRIFYING IRAQ MASSACRE BY ISLAMIC MILITANTS

U.S CONDEMNS "HORRIFYING IRAQ MASSACRE BY ISLAMIC MILITANTS

The horrifying massacre by the Islamic militants have killed hundreds of Iraqi soldiers. The United States condemned the act on Sunday.
Iraq said it had "regained the initiative" against fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as grisly reports emerged of atrocities.
The Islamic militants massacred 1,700 Iraqi Shia air force recruits in Tikrit. The U.S State Department, spokeswomen Jen Psaki said "while we cannot confirm these reports, one of the Primary goals of Islamic is to set fear into the hearts of all Iraqis and drive sectarian division among its people". She said.
Psaki said U.S would boost security at its embassy.
U.S to trained Iraqi forces, immediately as Islamic militants captured key towns in Iraq successful last week. Iraq forces discard their uniforms and abandoned their operations vehicles. Islamic militants seized Iraq's biggest city Mosul and Tikrit, in four days.
According to Iraqi officers, said their forces were now starting to chase the militants, and Iraqi forces had recaptured two towns in North of Baghdad. As troops were chasing back the militants, 12 policemen burned bodies were found in the town of Ishaqi in Salaheddin Province, including bodies found, a police colonel and a doctor.

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ELECTION OBSERVERS ANNOUNCED RUNOFF FINDINGS- AFGAHNISTAN

ELECTION OBSERVERS ANNOUNCED RUNOFF FINDINGS- AFGAHNISTAN

Election observers held a joint press conference in Kabul on Monday. The European Union (UN) observers, the Free and Fair Elections Foundation of Afghanistan.
Observers released their preliminary reports about the election fraud in the presidential Runoff election.The EU delegation reported no fraud from the sites its monitors on Saturday Presidential Runoff election, the Free and Fair Election Foundation of Afghanistan (FEFA). Said its observers documented a large amount of election fraud in various locations in Afghan.
The senior European Union (EU) observer explained that his delegation documented no fraud on Election Day. And praised Afghanistan Citizens for their participation in the Runoff Election and say. "Anyone who tries to change the Results by illegal means, by violence or by fraud, shows nothing but a shocking contempt of all the thousands of Afghanistan citizens who have cast their votes honestly and courageously".
The IEC Secretariat Chief, Amarkhail, has been accused of smuggling ballots boxes out of the secretariat headquarters in Kabul on Election Day. President candidate Abdullah Abdullah on Sunday said he can't accept any Results from the commission until the senior Election official is suspended and investigated.
The IEC Chairman Ahmad Yousuf Nuristani defend Amarkhail and called the entire affair a "misunderstanding".
The FEFA officials said that their observers recorded some numbers of cases of frauds, and government officials interfering in the voting process, including under age people. The FEFA's report, most of their documented fraud in the Runoff Election took place in Paktika, Balkh, Logar, Paktia and Wardak Provinces and the fraud was committed by government officials, IEC Staff and including candidates observers.
The Election Complaints Commission (ECC) on Monday, said they have received large bulk of complaints since the said Election on Saturday, but most were against IEC employees.
Abdullah levelled serious accusations against the IEC, on Sunday Night, at a press conference. Saying there was "endemic fraud" in the Runoff Election and Suggest the commission was largely behind it. But the Chairman of IEC, Nuristani and President Hamid Karzai, have urged Abdullah not to discredit the Commission without first Providing evidence to support his claims.

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FRAUDS IN RUNOFF LEADERS COMPLAINT- AFGHANISTAN

FRAUDS IN RUNOFF LEADERS COMPLAINT- AFGHANISTAN

On Monday the first vice president Muhammad Khan addressed he people and say there was inclusive frauds in Saturday's runoff Election, he explain that the number votes in some Provinces not match the number of registered voters.
Khan said that the out come of a fraudulent election will not be accepted by Dr. Abdullah and his team.
In the camp of Dr. Abdullah's electoral team is worried about the differences of Results from the Runoff and the first round election.
The camp of Ashraf Ghani electoral team is happy about the Runoff election. Faizullah Zaki, member of Dr. Ghani- Ahmazai's team said. "There is law and mechanism in distinguishing clean votes from fraudulent ones". He said complaints can be register through a legal Procedure if backed by evidence.
The IEC Chairman
 announced that over 7m Afghanistans casted votes. He move ahead and said the exact number of voters will be clarified in the coming days. 
In Barmal district in Paktika Province, on the eve of the Presidential Runoff election. The commander of 23th corps of TANDAR accused the district governor with five electoral officials for stuffing boxes. He said that he has enough evidence against the accused men.
The first vice president, Khan said that the voting process should be launched again in areas where the process was tampered with, but the head of the Independent Election Commission's (IEC) secretariat will be dismissed from his position.
The monitoring election bodies of Afghanistan. The Free and Fair Election Forum of Afghanistan(FEFA) and Election Watch Organization of Afghanistan (EWA), have claimed that fraud took place in the presidential runoff.


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ONE ANFOFFICER AND SEVEN SUICIDE BOMBERS KILLED IN SOUTHERN KANDAHAR

ONE ANFOFFICER AND SEVEN SUICIDE BOMBERS KILLED IN SOUTHERN KANDAHAR

Early, Saturday morning according to officials, seven suicide bombers attempted to enter a police headquarters in Southern Kandahar Province, on Election day. One of the bombers detonated his explosives outside the police building and the six others enter inside.
While during the clash between insurgents and policemen, seven suicide bombers and one Afghanistan National policeman were killed during the incident. Two police officers were injured during the clash.
According to the spokesman in the office of the governor at Kandahar, Dawa Khan Menapal said. "The suicide bomber entered the police building on Election day morning". But Afghanistan forces did not launch an attack in order not to scare people for Runoff polling.
Menapal said, when the Election ended, the Afghanistan forces launched a military operation around 5:00pm and all insurgents were killed by Sunday morning 11:00pm.

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WORLD CUP BRAZIL

WORLD CUP BRAZIL

Friday 13 Results:
Mexico 1- 0 Cameroon
Chile 3- 1 Australia
Netherlands 5- 1 Spain
Saturday 14 World Cup Brazil
Colombia vs Greece
           17:00
Uruguay vs Costa Rica
           20:00
England vs Italy
           23:00
Sunday 15 World cup Brazil
Ivory Coast vs Japan
           02:00
Switzerland vs Ecuador
           17:00
France vs Honduras
           20:00
Argentina vs Bosina- Herz
           23:00

EBOLA OUTBREAK SIERRA- LEONE CONFIRMS FIRST DEAD

EBOLA OUTBREAK SIERRA- LEONE CONFIRMS FIRST DEAD

Sierra- Leone records first Ebola outbreak, which killed about five people.
Ebola, the Virus disease which have a fatality rate of about 92 percent. The disease have killed up to 185 people from the neighboring countries of Sierra- Leone. Countries like Guinea and Liberia experience the deadly disease.
On Monday, the WHO, sense a new expansion of the disease which regional officials said had been brought under control. WHO, also said the outbreak in Sierra Leone was located in an area along the Nation's border with Guinea's Gueckedou. Prefecture where the disease cases where earliest recorded in WHO website.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) record. A total of 258 clinical cases have been recorded in Guinea, since the  outbreak was first identified as Ebola. The death recorded were 174, 95 confirmed having the disease, 57 probable and 57 were suspected having it.

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NIGERIA HEALTH MINISTER SIGNS $85m LOAN AGREEMENT WITH JAPANESE GOVERNMENT

NIGERIA HEALTH MINISTER SIGNS $85m LOAN AGREEMENT WITH JAPANESE GOVERNMENT

The Federal government of Nigeria singed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). With the Japanese government on Monday for $85m loan to facilitate polio eradication in the Nation.
Nigeria health Minister, Professor Onjebuchi chukwu, Said  that the $85m loan would be used to purchase vaccines, during the ceremony of the signed of MoU.
The Minister move ahead to say "it is my hope that with the loan, polio will be interrupted this year".
The sun news. The minister," he said Nigeria would not be the last Nation to eradicate polio, and the government had taken a good steps to ensure that all children in the Nation are immunized"
Dr. Mairo, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation appreciate the government effort to the progress in polio eradication.
Mandra gave Kudos to religious and traditional leaders for their role they play in polio eradication. She said after the execution of the project the Foundation would repay the loan to the Japanese government. The Japanese Ambassador to Nigeria, said this will build a robust bridge for Nigeria to succeed for polio eradication.

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POPE FRANCIS VISITS THE MOST IMPORTANT PLACE- JERUSALEM

POPE FRANCIS VISITS THE MOST IMPORTANT PLACE- JERUSALEM

In the Middle East, the Old- Jerusalem Pope Francis visits the most vital sites for Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem, in his final day tour.
Pope Francis Urged all religions of different types to work together for justice and peace. At the al-Aqsa Mosque compound. He then bow his head and pray at the Western wall.
Pope invited Israelis and the Palestinians, Presidents to the Vatican. Shimon Peres and Mahmoud Abbas. Both gives a positive response. Pope visited the compound, considered the third holiest site in Islam on he third day trip. According to BBC news Pope met with the Muslim leaders outside the Dome of the Rock, including Jerusalem's grand Mufit. Pope enter the Dome of the Rock with his bare foot, the palace where Islamic tradition says Prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven. Pope walked to the nearby al-Aqsa mosque, speaking to the Grand Mufit of Jerusalem. He call on Christians, Jews and Muslims to "love one another as brothers and sisters". "May we learn to understand the suffering of others". "May no one abuse the name of God through violence", he said.
Pope move ahead to the Western wall, the Holiest sites in Judaism and pray at the Western wall. Pope embraced an Imam and a rabbi. Pope stop at a memorial for Israeli civilians killed in attacks by Palestinians. Laid a wreath at Yad Vashem's hall of Remembrance.

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SOUTH KOREA BUS TERMINAL FIRE KILLS 7 PEOPLE AND 20 PEOPLE INJURED

SOUTH KOREA BUS TERMINAL FIRE KILLS 7 PEOPLE AND 20 PEOPLE INJURED

In a fire out break seven people have been killed and 20 others injured at a bus terminal in South Korea.
According to BBC news report, on Monday Morning in Goyang city, Northwest of Seoul. Experiences a fire out break. The fire out break were believed to been caused by Welding works. Carry out underground by welders constructing site in a building, which started with a sparks. Said the firefighters.
The emergency officials said two people are in critical condition due to the incident. Several people suffered from the smoke and they were taken to hospital for treatment. Some bodies were found at the construction site. The President of South Korea Park Geun- hye, apologized to the Nation for the unexpected disaster. Promise to improve safety standards.

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70,000 OBSERVERS CARDS APPROVED BY IEC FOR RUNOFF

70,000 OBSERVERS CARDS APPROVED BY IEC FOR RUNOFF

70,000 Observers cards were approved by the Independent Election Commission (IEC). The spokesman Noor Mohammad Noor on Monday, said that the election commission had issued up to 70,000 observers cards for the two Runoff Candidates.
Observers cards will allow appointees of the two candidates to monitor the voting process in polling centers around the Nation. Mr. Noor, said that if the candidates didn't choose to send their observers to the polling centers in June, their complaints regarding any fraud or irregularities would not be considered.
Meanwhile 5,500 people may be recruited to under take a public awareness campaign, said Noor by the commission due to the runoff election of June 2014.
The intention of the campaign is to Educate voters, update them and persuaded them to vote, both in the remote areas.

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OFFENSIVE LAUNCHED AHEAD OF RUNOFF- MILITARY

OFFENSIVE LAUNCHED AHEAD OF RUNOFF- MILITARY

The spokesman, Sedqi Sediqqi of the Ministry of Interior at a press conference on Monday said the government of Afghanistan security forces have launched 75 military operation across the nation. This is to secure key locations and ensuring the safety of voters on election day.
Sediq said, 75 operations have been conducted and 100 militants and terrorists were killed in these operations. Others like 46 were arrested.
However the security and election officials have agreed to add hundreds of new polling centers for the Runoff vote. Sediq, said the list of new centers had not yet been drafted.
TOLOnews gives the Report.

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UN, NICHOLAS HAYSOM PRAISED ELECTION- AFGHANISTAN

UN, NICHOLAS HAYSOM PRAISED ELECTION- AFGHANISTAN

The United Nations (UN), Secretary General Representative for Afghanistan, Nicholas praised the election commission's initiatives in tackling challenges witnessed in the election process.
Haysom, Stated that the runoff election preparations we better than the first round.

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DEADLY TRAIN CRASH IN NORTH INDIA KILLED 20 PEOPLE

DEADLY TRAIN CRASH IN NORTH INDIA KILLED 20 PEOPLE

20 People dead after an express train carrying passengers hit a stationary goods train in India's Uttar Pradesh state.
According to a railway spokeman Anil Saxena, said that nine bodies had been recovered. Rescuers were searching bodies which were trapped in the mangled coaches or cover by metal on the down.
The Gorakhdham express incident, about Eighty- three people were injured. Including the train operator and his assistant operator. The train was travelling from Gorakhpur town to Hisar- Haryana state.

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NASERI TRIBE ENDORSES GHANI

NASERI TRIBE ENDORSES GHANI

Naseri Tribe on Monday in Kabul gives their support to Ghani. They announced to support Presidential Candidate Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai in the coming runoff.
According to Naseri Tribe Representative, Najibullah said on behalf of the Naseri Tribe who was giving me the change, I announced that Naseri Tribe supports you in the coming runoff election, and he said "All their offices across the Nation from today onward will operate as campaign offices".
The Presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani addressed the people, pledged to them for their contribution for coming to support him.
He thanked voters around the  Nation for standing by him, and plead with them to come out and vote in the runoff, as they did in the first round election. Western Herat Province hold a rally to support Ghani's campaign in the province.

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AFGHANISTAN: TWO POLICE KILLED IN SUICIDE ATTACK

AFGHANISTAN: TWO POLICE KILLED IN SUICIDE ATTACK

According to TOLOnews Afghanistan, in Southern Zabul Province on Sunday evening, two Policemen were killed by a suicide bombers.
According to the local officials in Zabul Province said the incident took place in Qalat city, which is the capital province. A Chief police officer, Ghulam Sakhi Rogh- Lawanai. Said we had the information about the two suicide bombers seeking to enter Qalat, so extra checking points were created by the police to help capture them.
Other local officials saidn when the two suicide bombers reached the police check point they packed with the explosives and detonated the Vehicle. A Tabliban Spokeman Qari Yousuf Ahmadi claimed responsibility for the suicide bomb attack.

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MAHMOOD KARZAI, 110Mps AND 66 SENATORS ENDORSE ABDULLAH ABDULLAH

MAHMOOD KARZAI, 110Mps  AND 66 SENATORS ENDORSE ABDULLAH ABDULLAH

Monday 26th 110Mps and 66 senators announced their support for Abdullah. Due to the endorsements on Monday, his team have a confidence in a future victory.
In a press conference in Kabul on Monday Abdullah, said "today we proved that we represent the entirety of Afghan". Those who joined Abdullah team on Monday seemed equally as assured. According to Senator Dawood Asas he said, "I don't think the runoff makes any sense because we are the winner".

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214 PRISONERS RELEASE BY PRESIDENT HAMID KARZAI- PUL-E-CHARKHI PRISON

214 PRISONERS RELEASE BY PRESIDENT HAMID KARZAI- PUL-E-CHARKHI PRISON

214 Prisoners were released from pul-e-c-harhi prison on Sunday, by President Hamid Karzai. The 214 prisoners were detainees and held on charges related to insurgents activities.
According to Gen. Qais Fasihi, said the released prisoners might return to the battle field and continue to fight the government again. He said "the released prisoners consist of those who were involved in fighting against the government of Afghanistan". Gul Rahman Qazi the head of the independent commission for over sight and implementation of constitution(ICOIC) said that the released prisoners should go back to their normal lives and respect the rule of law.

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